![]() ![]() RSBs may then represent compensatory or reactive responses, respectively, at the opposite ends of this spectrum. Accordingly, behavioral policies may preferentially rely on new data versus existing knowledge, in a spectrum spanning between novelty and stability. In this way, basal ganglia feedback appears ideally situated to adjust the salience of sensory signals through precision weighting of (external) new sensory information, relative to the precision of (internal) predictions based on prior generated models. Based on this review, we suggest that basal ganglia feedback plays a central role in preconditioning cortical networks to anticipate self-generated, movement-related perception. We integrate clinical observations and neuroanatomical and neurophysiological alterations with accounts employing the predictive processing framework. In this paper, we systematically compare three exemplary conditions with basal ganglia involvement, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Parkinson’s disease, and autism spectrum conditions, to gain a new understanding of RSBs. Why do behaviorally overlapping phenomena sometimes require different treatment approaches−for example, sensory shielding strategies versus exposure therapy for autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder, respectively? Certain clues may be found in recent models of basal ganglia function that extend well beyond action selection and motivational control, and have implications for sensorimotor integration, prediction, learning under uncertainty, as well as aesthetic learning. However, it is still unclear how altered basal ganglia feedback signals actually relate to the phenomenological variability of RSBs. ![]() Repetitive stereotyped behaviors (RSBs) can be viewed as exaggerated forms of learned habits and frequently correlate with alterations in motor, limbic, and associative basal ganglia circuits. Recurrent, unvarying, and seemingly purposeless patterns of action and cognition are part of normal development, but also feature prominently in several neuropsychiatric conditions. 11Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.10Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.9Zukunftskolleg/Philosophy Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.8Medical Neuroscience Cluster, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.7Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.6Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria.5Faculty of Philosophy, Philosophy of Science and Religious Studies, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.4Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Department of Philosophy, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.3Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.2Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.1Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.Spee 1,2 Ronald Sladky 3 Joerg Fingerhut 4,5 Alice Laciny 6 Christoph Kraus 7,8 Sidney Carls-Diamante 9 Christof Brücke 8,10 Matthew Pelowski 1,11 Marco Treven 6,8,10* A role for aesthetic learning in autism spectrum conditions, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Parkinson’s disease: heightened prediction error acceptance and insightīlanca T.Aesthetic learning in repetitive stereotyped behaviors.Aesthetic learning and basal ganglia function.Predictive processing accounts of autism spectrum conditions, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Parkinson’s disease.Basal ganglia involvement in autism spectrum conditions, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Parkinson’s disease.Repetitive phenomena in autism spectrum conditions, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and Parkinson’s disease.Repetitive behaviors and basal ganglia function.Predictive processing and aesthetic learning. ![]()
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